Molly+and+Rachel

= **Great Adventure** = Molly Lambert and Rachel Knapel

First Drop of Roller Coaster: Bizarro
1) Estimate Distances and Angles
 * Height of Starting Point of Roller Coaster (m) || Height of Top of First Hill (m) || Height of Bottom of First Hill (m) || Radius of Curve at the Bottom of Hill (m) || Angle of the Initial Incline up and Angle of Incline Down (degrees) ||
 * 4 || 67.3608 || 0 || 4 || Up-72

Down-70 ||

2) Measure Time Average time up: 35.46 s Average time down: 10.002 s
 * Time Travel Up First Hill (s) |||||||||| <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Time Travel Down First Hill (s) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Trial 4 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 5 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Trial 4 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 5 ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> 35.4 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">33.5 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">36.2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">37.0 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">35.2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10.8 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">9.1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10.5 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">10.01 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">9.6 ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3) Diagrams: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Car on Way Up First Hill:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Car on Way Down First Hill:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Car at Bottom of First Hill:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Mass on String on Way Up:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Mass on String on Way Down:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Mass on String at Bottom:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Labeled Sketch of Portion of Coaster (top and side views):

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side View Picture & Video: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bizarro_at_Six_Flags_Great_Adventure.jpg

media type="youtube" key="gQ3OhtkLZ7I" height="219" width="392" @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQ3OhtkLZ7I&feature=fvwrel

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4) Graphs:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">D vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">V vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thrill vs. Acceleration

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5) Evaluate: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a. Safety: What features were in place? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The ride has seats with pull down straps as well as head rests. There is also a minimum height of 54 inches.The ride also uses skid brakes to create friction and slow down the coaster.

b. Describe the weight sensations on the way up, on the way down, and at the bottom of the first hill: did you feel lighter, heavier, or normal? On the way up, we were pressed back against our seats causing us to feel heavier than normal. At the top of the hill, we feel the lightest and going down the hill we continued to feel lighter than usual (though not as much as at the top). At the bottom, we felt the heaviest.

c. Describe the excitement level: on the way up, on the way down, and at the bottom of the first hill. As we went up the coaster and reached the highest point, our excitement level increased at a slow rate because we were anticipating the drop. On the way down, the excitement increased because of the acceleration. At the bottom, the level of excitement dropped because the acceleration ended.

d. Describe the thrill factors that may contribute to those feelings (besides the #g's). The thrill factors that could have contributed to the excitement were the sensation of weightlessness and the air resistance.

Calculations Experimental values:

Speed at the bottom of hill Acceleration down the hill Power needed to get up the hill

Theoretical values:

Speed at the bottom of the hill Acceleration down the hill Power needed to get up the hill

Percent error: Since all of our percent error was below 20% we are able to conclude that our results were pretty good for this ride. Our times that we found seemed to be close to what they were supposed to be. Our errors may have come from the timer as there was a fence right in front of the ride so it was hard to see the exact time the roller coaster made it to the bottom of the hill. Other than this our results were pretty good

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Safety Evaluation: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a. #g's on way down hill and at bottom <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">b. Were the #g's within safe limits? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">c. Was there a correlation between #g's and excitement level? Explain, providing evidence.
 * Yes, this is because a human can only withstand up to 4g's when going down a hill. On this roller coaster the amount of g's is .34, which is much less than 4. Due to this we are able to say that the number of g's is within safe limits and that humans are able to ride this ride without getting hurt.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Yes, as seen in the thrill vs acceleration graph above, as the level of g's increase so does thrill and excitement.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thinking about the Physics: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1.Explain the behavior of the mass on the string. Did the FBD of the car correlate to that of the mass? Why or why not? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Did the #g's correlate to the sensation of weight? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Discuss the graphs you created and way they curve the way that they do.
 * Yes, it behaved like an aplomb.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Yes, an increase in g's correlates to an increase in apparent weight.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Distance vs Time
 * Distance is covered a a slower pace because of the slow initial velocity. Distance is covered very slowly because velocity is zero at the top of the hill. The coaster begins to cover more distance as velocity increases going down the hill.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Velocity vs Time
 * Velocity is constant as the coaster travels up the hill, but due to acceleration while going down, the velocity increases.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Acceleration vs Time
 * There's no acceleration as the coaster travels up the hill because it is moving with a constant velocity, but as it goes down the hill, the acceleration increases.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thrill vs Acceleration
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The thrill increases as the coaster nears the top of the hill, and then even more so as the acceleration increases down the hill.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Vertical Loop of Roller Coaster: Batman**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1) Estimate Distances & Angles: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(done with a proportion) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">32 || 1.5 || 4.4 (done with a proportion) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Height of Top of Loop (above ground) (m) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Height of First Hill (m) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Length of Car (m) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Radius of Loop (m) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">28

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2) Measure Time Average time: 1.054 s
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Single Car to Travel Past the Top Position on Loop (s) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 4 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 5 ||
 * 1.08 || 1.10 || 1.05 || 0.98 || 1.06 ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3) Diagrams:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Car or Rider at Top Position:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Mass on a String at Top Position:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Labeled sketch of roller coaster (top and side views)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side picture & Video []

media type="youtube" key="q1IqMmKVuR4" height="251" width="448" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1IqMmKVuR4

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4) Graphs: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">V vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fc vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thrill v. Acceleration

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5) Evaluate: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a. Describe the safety features on this coaster. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">b. Describe the excitement level that you felt at top, side, & bottom of loop. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">c. Describe the thrill factors that may contribute to those feelings (besides the #g’s) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">d. Describe the weight sensations at top, bottom, & side of loop: did you feel lighter, heavier, or normal?
 * Batman is armed with the protection of over-the-shoulder restraints and safety belts. It also has a minimum height restriction of 54".
 * The top of the loop was the most exciting, followed by the sides, and lastly the bottom.
 * Our adrenaline was definitely at a higher level than normal, because of the sensation of weightlessness we experienced. Also, the air resistance on our bodies, the high speed, and the height of the loop.
 * We felt lighter at the top of the loop, normal when we were on the sides of the loop, and heavier at the bottom of the loop.

Calculations

Experimental speed at the top of the loop centripetal acceleration apparent weight F=Ma Theoretical values Minimum speed at top of the loop Speed at the top of the loop Centripetal acceleration apparent weight
 * g's

Percent error Our percent errors for this ride were somewhat high for this ride. Although it is high our calculations were right and we did everything okay. Our results may be off from the times we calculated. Since the time to get around the loop was so small it may have been hard to get the exact time. This may be the reasons why our calculations were so different and why our percent error was high.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">b. Were the #g's within safe limits? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">c. Was there a correlation between #g's and excitement level? Explain, providing evidence.
 * Yes, because we can only withstand up to 4g's when going down a hill. On this roller coaster the amount of g's is 2.73, which is less than 4. Due to this we are able to say that the number of g's is within safe limits.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The correlation can be seen when looking at the thrill vs acceleration graph above. It shows that as the level of g's increases so does thrill and excitement.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thinking about the Physics: 1. Explain the behavior of the mass on the string. Did the FBD of the car correlate to that of the mass? Why or why not? 2. Did the #g's correlate to the sensation of weight? 3. Discuss the graphs that you created and why they look the way they do.
 * The mass on the string should correlate to it because it functions like an aplomb.
 * Yes, as number of g's increased the sensation of weight went up.
 * Centripetal Force vs Time
 * The centripetal force decreased as we neared the top.
 * Velocity vs Time
 * Velocity decreased towards the top, reached 0 at the very top, and increased after the loop.
 * Acceleration vs Time
 * There was a negative acceleration going up the loop, zero acceleration at the top, and positive acceleration going back down.
 * Thrill vs Acceleration
 * The graph shows that as we accelerated, we became more thrilled with the ride. This is due to the increased feeling of risk the high acceleration caused.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A Rotating Ride (either Vertical or Horizontal): Twister
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1) Estimate Distances and Angles (http://www.greatadventurehistory.com/Twister.htm) || 90 ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Length of Car, if Relevant (m) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Radius of Circular Path (m) || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Angle of Seats, if relevant (degrees) ||
 * || **8.9916**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2) Measure Time Average time: 10.546 s
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Period Once at Maximum Speed (s) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 1 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 2 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 3 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 4 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Trial 5 ||
 * 10.5 || 11.95 || 9.7 || 10.76 || 9.82 ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3) Diagrams <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Car or Rider (At Max and Min Height, if Vertical):



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">FBD of Mass on a String at Various Positions (At Max and Min Height, if Vertical):

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Labeled Sketch of Ride (Top and Side Views):

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Take a Clear Side View Picture:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Take a Short Video of the Relevant Segment: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">media type="youtube" key="dn-4hLDtDO8" height="219" width="392" @http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dn-4hLDtDO8

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4) Graphs: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fc vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A vs. T

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thrill vs. Acceleration Calculations Experimental

Average speed Centripetal acceleration apparent weight Theoretical

Average spped Centripetal acceleration Apparent weight
 * ^^These values cannot be determined because there is no data to use**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">5) Evaluate: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">a. Describe the safety of this ride. This ride includes many safety features. It includes an over the shoulder restraint for protection and also a restraint that rests on the over head restraint. This ride also doesn't allow people to open toed shows for safety reasons.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">b. Describe the excitement level that you felt at the min and max height (if vertical), or at max speed (if horizontal). The excitement level was the highest at max height. It felt as though you may fall out of the cart.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">c. Describe the thrill factors that may contribute to those feelings (besides the #g’s) The thrill factors that contribute to those feelings was that the car was not stable and it would sway back and fourth as it was rotating.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">d. Describe the weight sensations at the top, side, and bottom of the loop. Did you feel lighter, heavier, or normal?

There was only a weigh sensation when at the top of the ride and we were flipped upside down. We felt lighter at the top. This is because both our normal and weight forces are pointing downward.

4) Evaluate Safety This can only be done with the experimental value, not the theoretical value. a. #g’s
 * 1) of g=a/g
 * 2) of g=3.195/9.8
 * 3) of g=.326

b. Was there correlation between #g’s and excitement level? As the #g's increases the excitement level increases. This is because the greater acceleration causes a greater change in speed and this faster speed is more thrilling than going slow.

5) Thinking about the Physics

a) Explain the behavior of the mass on the string. Did the FBD of the car correlate to that of the mass? Why or why not? When we were facing normally the mass would point downward as it normally would. When we were upside down at min height, both the tension of the string and the mass would be facing downward.

b) Discuss the graphs that you created and why they curve the way that they do. We did the acceleration one because as the twister move up (away) it decelerates, while as it moves down (toward) it accelerates with increasing speed. Then we did the force vs. acceleration graph since the centripetal force is constant. For the thrill vs. acceleration we did a line because as the acceleration increases so the the trill, since they are directly related to one another.