Group1.1-4-EB

The Awesomeness Eric & Tyler Scott & Rory



Group Members: Eric Solomon Rory Vanderberg Scott Siegel Tyler Samani


 * Motion Representation Lab**
 * Due: September 20th, 2010**

__Objective__: What are the different types of motion? What is the best way to represent the motion?

__Hypothesis__: There are seven different types of motion: no motion, increasing speed towards, increasing speed away, constant speed towards, constant speed away, decreasing speed towards, and decreasing speed away. The best way to represent the motion is by using a graph with the x-axis being time and the y-axis being position. Velocity and acceleration are able to be understood to an extent off of the Time vs. Position graph. For a more in-depth analysis of velocity and rate of acceleration, one would have to create a graph consisting of the x-axis as time and the y-axis as the data desired (ex. velocity, rate of acceleration).

__Procedure:__

Record Motion Data-

Very well-written procedure
 * 1) Set up Data Studio on the laptop so that Time vs. Position, Time vs. Velocity, and Time vs. Acceleration graphs are all up.
 * 2) Find an open space suitable for the trials to take place.
 * 3) Set up the motion sensor at approximately waist height.
 * 4) Using a flat, rigid object, walk toward/away from the motion sensor in one of the seven types of motion
 * 5) No Motion
 * 6) Hold flat, rigid object in front of the motion sensor.
 * 7) Keep the object perfectly still as to avoid tainting the data.
 * 8) Record and analyze the data.
 * 9) Increasing Speed Towards
 * 10) Have a person stand approximately 15 meters away from the motion sensor.
 * 11) Start recording the data.
 * 12) The person starts to walk at a rather slow pace.
 * 13) As he/she gets closer to the sensor, they will pick up speed.
 * 14) When he/she reaches the sensor, finish recording.
 * 15) Analyze the data.
 * 16) Increasing Speed Away
 * 17) A person must stand directly in front of the motion sensor.
 * 18) Start recording the data.
 * 19) The person starts to walk backwards, away from the sensor at a rather slow pace.
 * 20) As he/she gets farther from the sensor, they will pick up speed.
 * 21) When he/she reaches an appropriate distance away from the sensor, finish recording.
 * 22) Analyze the data.
 * 23) Constant Speed Towards
 * 24) A member of the group should stand approximately 15 meters away from the sensor.
 * 25) Start recording the data.
 * 26) The person is to walk towards the sensor, keeping a constant speed.
 * 27) When he/she reaches the motion sensor, finish recording.
 * 28) Analyze the data.
 * 29) Constant Speed Away
 * 30) A group member must stand directly in front of the motion sensor.
 * 31) Start recording the data.
 * 32) The person starts to walk backwards, away from the sensor at a constant speed.
 * 33) When he/she reaches an appropriate distance away from the sensor, finish recording.
 * 34) Analyze the data.
 * 35) Decreasing Speed Towards
 * 36) A member of the group should stand approximately 15 meters away from the sensor.
 * 37) Start recording the data.
 * 38) The person is to walk towards the sensor, starting at a rather fast pace.
 * 39) As he/she gets closer to the sensor, they will slow down.
 * 40) When he/she reaches the motion sensor, finish recording.
 * 41) Analyze the data.
 * 42) Decreasing Speed Away
 * 43) A group member must stand directly in front of the motion sensor.
 * 44) Start recording the data.
 * 45) The person starts to walk backwards, away from the sensor at a rather fast pace.
 * 46) As he/she gets farther from the sensor, they will slow down.
 * 47) When he/she reaches an appropriate distance away from the sensor, finish recording.
 * 48) Analyze the data.

__Data Interpretation:__

Numbering?
 * 1) How can you tell that there is no motion on a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- When v=0 and a=0 and position is constant.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- When there are no ticks.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- It will be a straight horizontal line extending from the y-value for position.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- The line will be horizontal from the origin.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph- The slope of the line will be 0.
 * 1) How can you tell that your motion is steady on a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- The vector arrows are all the same size.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- The ticks are evenly spaced.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- The line will be straight and diagonal with a positive slope.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- It will be a straight horizontal line extending from the y-value for velocity.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph-It will be a straight line on the x-axis.


 * 1) How can you tell that your motion is fast vs. slow on a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- The vector arrows are larger when it is fast and smaller when it is slow.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- The ticks are closer together when it is slow and farther apart when going fast.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- The faster the motion of the object, the larger the slope of the line will be.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- Speeding up will have a positive slope, and slowing down will have a negative slope.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph-Fast will be above the x-axis and slow will be below.


 * 1) How can you tell that you changed direction on a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- The vector arrows changed direction.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- The ticks will be darker because you will have gone over them twice.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- The slope will go from positive to negative or vice versa.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- The slope of the line will be reversed, from positive to negative or negative to positive.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph-The line will go on the opposite side of the x-axis.


 * 1) How can you tell that your motion is increasing on a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- The vector arrows get larger and are spaced farther apart as it goes on.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- The ticks get farther and farther apart.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- The line will be curved going up.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- The slope will be positive going upwards.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph-The line will be above the x-axis.


 * 1) How can you tell that your motion is decreasing on a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- The vector arrows get smaller and closer together.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- The ticks become closer together.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- The line will be curved going down.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- The slope will be negative going downwards.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph-The line will be below the x-axis.

This is a graph. not a graph! A data table. It should go before the Analysis questions.

Although these are correct, I would like to see the data studio graphs... there's no experimental data here, you know?

__Discussion Questions:__


 * 1) What are the advantages of representing motion using a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- It is easily interpreted and easy to read.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- It is also simple and gives a good visual interpretation of the data.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- This is a much more specific method. It also accounts for heavier changes in data, such as a j-curve or a sudden drop off in motion. It is good to observe distance, as well as inferences into velocity and acceleration.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- Similar to position, velocity is very specific. Also, it gives good insight into rate of motion (velocity as well as acceleration).
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph- This gives very specific numbers dealing with acceleration as well as the rate of it. Velocity and position are somewhat included as well if calculations are done.


 * 1) What are the disadvantages of representing motion using a…
 * 2) Motion diagram- Doesn't share specific data. This is a serious hindrance when looking for the exact measurements of the data.
 * 3) Ticker tape diagram- Certain parts of a ticker tape diagram (ex. constant speed towards/away, increasing speed towards/decreasing speed away) look similar. They can't be distinguished from one another. Also, specific numbers can't be attained from a ticker tape.
 * 4) position vs. time graph- This provides no exact data when dealing with velocity or acceleration. Only speculations can be drawn.
 * 5) velocity vs. time graph- The only downfall of a velocity graph is that similar to position, the distance and acceleration are not straightforward. They must be inferred or calculated. Also, starting position remains a mystery.
 * 6) acceleration vs. time graph- Distance and velocity require potentially difficult calculations in order to read them.


 * 1) Define the following:
 * 2) No motion- A lack of acceleration, velocity, and speed. It is demonstrated by no change in distance as well.
 * 3) Constant speed- The velocity will be continuously the same number and acceleration will be zero. Depending on whether or not the speed is not zero, the position may or may not change.
 * 4) Increasing speed- Velocity and acceleration will both move in the same direction according to a motion diagram.
 * 5) Decreasing speed- Velocity and acceleration will move in different directions according to a motion diagram.

__Conclusion:__

Fortunately for our group, the results and data that were portrayed in our experiment supported the hypothesis. Our group hypothesized that the most efficient way to represent the motion was through a graph in which time is the x-axis, and the y-axis being the position. The data chart revealed that our best reads came from the graph that fit our explanation (Time vs. Position Graphs). Although our results supported our hypothesis, there were still several sources of error involved in our experiment. One of the largest sources of error was the inaccuracy of the Data Studio Motion Sensor. Considering that our group used a laptop case to maintain steady strides, while trying to get results from the motion sensor, it could be viewed as a possible source of error. For instance, if the individual who was in motion did not have the laptop case centered and perfectly aligned with the sensor, the results would be altered. Another source of error in our experiment was difference in voltage using the ticker tapes to measure different types of motion. One other idea to examine is that if a human is walking at a constant speed toward the motion sensor, the graph should display a consistent vertical line, depending on the direction that the person is moving. However, we found that several of our graphs expressed a line of constant speed to be rather rigid and uneven, which only proves that our lab group itself was the main source of error in this particular lab. Humans, naturally, can't be forced to move and constant speeds. Using a mechanical object on a flat surface would be the only way to execute this lab to perfection. In conclusion, our lab results and data supported our hypothesis.


 * A Crash Course in Velocity Lab**
 * Due: September 27, 2010**

__Objective:__ 1. In pairs, we are going to generate a spark tape diagram and use the data to create a position-time graph to find the average speed of a Constant Motion Vehicle (CMV).

2. Both algebraically and graphically, we are going find the position where two CMV's are going to collide (starting at least 600 centimeters apart). We are also going to try to find the position at which the fast CMV catches up with the slow CMV, starting at least one meter apart, moving in the same direction, simultaneously.

__Hypothesis:__ Our group hypothesized that the graph of the faster CMV will have a significantly greater slope than that of the slower CMV. We also predicted that the two vehicles were going to collide somewhere in the middle, but closer to the side that the slower CMV started. Lastly, it was also believed that the faster CMV would catch up to the slower CMV rather quickly after starting exactly one meter apart, moving in the same direction. Our estimation was that it would catch up somewhere at the three meter mark.

__Procedure:__ I. Find the average speed of a Constant Motion Vehicle.


 * 1) Locate a CMV and tape about a meter of spark tape to the back of the vehicle.
 * 2) Set up spark tape contraption with the vehicle.
 * 3) Allow the CMV to move a little over a meter in distance, in a forward motion, allowing the entire meter's worth of spark tape to run through the contraption.
 * 4) Repeat steps 1-3 for the second CMV.
 * 5) Analyze diagrams.
 * 6) Create a graph with two lines to represent each of the cars, using a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet.
 * 7) Calculate average speed.

II. Find the position where two vehicles collide.


 * 1) Locate both "fast" and "slow" Constant Motion Vehicles.
 * 2) Using measuring tape, align the two vehicles 600 centimeters apart, moving in opposite directions.
 * 3) Release both CMV's simultaneously and record the position at which they collide.
 * 4) Repeat steps 1-3 about four more times.
 * 5) Calculate the average position of collision for the five trials.

III. Find the position at which the faster vehicle catches up with the slower vehicle.

where is data? and the graph? and the experimental data for the crash and catching up?
 * 1) Using measuring tape, align the "fast" CMV one meter behind slow" CMV facing the same direction.
 * 2) Make sure the vehicles have about 3 inches between them to prevent a collision.
 * 3) Lay out six meters of measuring tape directly in front of the "slow".
 * 4) Release the two CMV's at the same time.
 * 5) Record the position at which the two vehicles are parallel
 * 6) Calculate the average position of where the "fast" vehicle up to the "slow vehicle for the five trials.
 * 1) Calculate the average position of where the "fast" vehicle up to the "slow vehicle for the five trials.

So incomplete!!!!

these calcs are for the acceleration due to gravity lab



**Discussion questions**

missing responses to #5 and 6
 * 1) Why is the slope of the position-time graph equivalent to average velocity?
 * 2) The car is a Constant Motion Vehicle (CMV) so it is at a constant velocity. Delta (triangle) Distance/ Time = Velocity. This is the same as, Position-Time Graph = Velocity.
 * 3) Why was it okay to set the y-intercept equal to zero?
 * 4) Both cars travel no distance before not before, when the car is started.
 * 5) What is the meaning of the R2 value?
 * 6) R2 is the square of the correlation coefficient. It lets the reader of the graph understand the reliability of the line of best fit. needs more
 * 7) Where would the cars meet if their speeds were exactly equal?
 * 8) They would meet in the exact middle of the two starting points of the cars, considering they are traveling the same amount of distance in the same amount of time.
 * 9) Sketch velocity-time graphs to represent the catching up situation. Is there any way to find the points when they are at the same place at the same time?
 * 1) Sketch velocity-time graphs to represent the catching up situation. Is there any way to find the points when they are at the same place at the same time?
 * Calculations**

(Calculating Time) 1m/2.2s=1.85m/x 4.07s=x what is this???


 * Conclusion**:

From the data presented in this lab, we can conclude a number of things. First of all, we can conclude that distance and velocity are directly related. This is shown by the fact that the more quickly a distance will grow, the higher the velocity. Conversely, the more quickly the distance falls, the lower the velocity. Secondly, we can agree on the fact that the faster an object travels, the more distance it will cover. This is proven in the collision and catching up graphs. In both instances, the faster car went farther. On the catching up graph, the fast car started behind the slow one, but it still managed to break even with and eventually surpass the slow car. On the collision graph, both cars started six meters apart. When they collided, the fast car had traveled a significant distance greater than the slow one.

This information, while being completely truthful, was subject to certain errors. For example when initially calculating velocity through the ticker tape, the car had to have an initial acceleration from 0-full speed. Therefore, the velocity was changing up until the car reached its full velocity. Also, the tape may not have been exactly one meter long,why does that matter? so the measurements could have possibly been slightly off. In the catching up/collision problems too, there were some places where human and technological errors played a part in hindering the experiment. As for human errors, our group may not have started or stopped both cars at exactly the same time, so the distances were probably a little bit incorrect. In the cars, the faster car's left frontal wheel was slightly turned left. This made it have to move a further distance as compared to if it were traveling straight. less distance, not longer.

Especially from a physics perspective, these such problems can be found everywhere. They are present on roads everywhere. If you were ever to go on a highway, you could perform a simple physics equation to test whether or not it would be practical to execute a specific maneuver. This is extremely impractical, but it can indeed be done if you so desire. Engineers also, probably take some of these principles (ex. friction, aerodynamics, acceleration, velocity) into account when designing things such as cars or planes. From this lab, our group has begun to understand the concepts of motion through real life demonstrations. This will be helpful later in life in order to understand how and why some components of motion occur.

**Lab: What Is the Acceleration of a Falling Body?**
By: Scott Siegel and Rory Vanderberg

__Objective__: Find out the acceleration of a falling body.

__Hypothesis__: If we drop the mass from the ticker tape timer, and collect a series of data points from the ticker tape, then we will be able to use a position vs. time graph to calculate the acceleration of the falling mass/body.

__Materials:__ 1. Ticker Tape Timer 2. Timer Tape 3. Masking Tape 4. Mass 5. Clamp 6. Meter Stick

__Procedure:__
 * 1) Locate a mass.
 * 2) Clamp the ticker tape timer to a high-rise cabinet.
 * 3) Tape about two meters of ticker tape to the mass.
 * 4) Set ticker tape timer to 60 Hz.
 * 5) Drop mass from ticker tape timer.
 * 6) Measure distance between all of the dots on the ticker tape.
 * 7) Record data on Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet.
 * 8) Create a Position vs. Time graph using the data.
 * 9) Find the acceleration of the falling body.

__Data Chart__:



__Position vs. Time Graph:__



__Discussion Questions:__
 * 1) Yes, the shape of our graph agrees with the expected graph because it shows that our mass is increasing in speed and velocity as it moves away from the ticker tape timer.
 * 2) The velocity time graph of the object should look like it is going in a straight, diagonal line up and to the right.
 * 3) The equation of the line is y=475.99x+5.0237x.
 * 4) The acceleration might be lower if the weight hit something on the way down, or if someone accidentally touched or grabbed the tape.
 * 1) The equation of the line is y=475.99x+5.0237x.
 * 2) The acceleration might be lower if the weight hit something on the way down, or if someone accidentally touched or grabbed the tape.